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Marker Categories
These are the marker categories appearing in
Computer Recognition of English Word Senses by Edward Kelly
and Philip Stone, pages 17-21.
A few of these categories were not actually used (or used only
once or twice) and have been dropped from the Inquirer's Master
Dictionary.
For further information as to the origins of these categories,
click here.
SYNTACTIC MARKERS
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I Determiners
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(DET)
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All of subcategories listed below:
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A. Articles
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(ART)
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a, an, the
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B. Demonstratives
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(DEM)
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Two subcategories:
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(DEM1)
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this, these
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(DEM2)
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that, those
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C. Genitives
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(GEN)
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my, our, your, his, her, their, its, whose
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D. Numbers
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(NUMB)
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Two subcategories:
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cardinals
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(CARD)
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one, two, three, 35, 1968
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ordinals
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(ORD)
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first, second, 3rd ... next, last
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E. Prearticle
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(PRE)
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Two subcategories:
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1 count
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(PREl)
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both, each, either, another, few, fewer, many,
several, neither, every
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2.mixed
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(PRE2)
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all, any, some , enough, half, no
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II. Prepositions
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(PREP)
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in, at, over, around, about, through, to, from, with,
out, toward, down, up...
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III. Pronouns
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(PRON)
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Two subcategories:
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A. Personal definite
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(DEF)
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Four subcategories:
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1. nominatives
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(DEFl)
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he, she, we, you, I, they, who
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2. objectives
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(DEF2)
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him, her, us, you, them, whom
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3. reflexives
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(DEF3)
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myself, herself, themselves, itself
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4. other
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(DEF4)
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one, someone anyone, somebody, everybody, etc.
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B. Impersonal/ indefinite
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(INDEF)
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it, everyone, anything, something, nothing, none,
all,
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IV. Position Tests.
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A.First word of sentence
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(B)
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B.Last word
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(E)
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V. Punctuation (Includes the following:)
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(PUNC)
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A. Period
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(PER)
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B. Dash
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(DASH)
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C. Question mark
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(Q)
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D. Comma (and single parentheses)
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(COMMA)
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E. Quote marks
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(QUOTE)
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F. Capital letter in isolation
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(CAP)
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VI. Conjunction
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(CONJ)
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Two subcategories:
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A. Sentential
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(CONJ1)
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and, but,
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B.Clausal
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(CONJ2)
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then, that, because, if, when, since, as, so,
etc.
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VII. Interrogatives
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(INT)
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wh-words -when, why, who, what, where, how
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VIII Endings
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A. Root word-- no inflections
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(ROOT)
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The word as it occurs in the root form.
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B. "ing" ending
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(ING)
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All words ending in "ing" except king, wing, ring,
etc.
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C. "ed" endings
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(ED)
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All words ending in "ED" plus irregulars
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D. "s" endings
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(S)
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All words ending in "s"; plus irregulars
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E. "ly" ending
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(LY)
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Words ending in "ly"; plus irregulars
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F. "er" ending
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(ER)
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Words ending in "er"; plus irregulars (comparative, not
agentive)
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G."est" ending
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(EST)
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Words ending in "est"; plus irregulars
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H. Other suffix assignments:
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-'ve
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(HAV) (VERB (SUPV)
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-s'
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(GEN) (DET) (S')
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-'s
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(GEN) (DET) ('S) (BE) (VERB) (SUPV)
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-'re
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(BE) (VERB) (SUPV)
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-'ll
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(MOD) (VERB) (SUPV)
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-n't
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(NEG) (LY)
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-'d
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(MOD) (HAV) (VERB) (SUPV)
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IX. Special Verbs and Verb Elements
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(VERB)
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Nine subcategories:
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A. Being verbs
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(BE)
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be, being, is, was, -re...
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B. Linking verbs
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(LINK)
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seem, feel, look, sound, remain...
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C. Becoming verbs
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(VB)
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become, get, turn into, grow...
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D. Have
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(HAV)
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have, has, had, having, 've...
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E. Modals
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(MOD)
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can, may, shall, will, must -'ll...
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F. Go verbs
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(GO)
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go, goes, going, gone, went...
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G. Do verbs
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(DO)
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do, did, does
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H. To
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(TO)
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"to" as an infinitive
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I. Negatives
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(NEG)
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not, -n't, never
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X. Superverb
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(SUPV)
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any verb, including special verbs
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SEMANTIC MARKERS
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I. Animate
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(ANI)
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non-human creatures-- dog, cow, etc.
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II. Human (Three subcategories:)
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(HU)
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human nouns-- officer, man, teacher, parent, etc.
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A. Male
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(MALE)
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male humans
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B. Female
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(FEM)
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female humans [note: not used to disambiguate, so
only "Female" tag category is maintained].
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C. Kinship
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(KIN)
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brother, sister, uncle, etc.
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III. Collective
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(COLL)
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collective animate groups and organizations-- mob, crowd,
group, army, etc.
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IV. Abstract noun (Three subcategories:)
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(ABS)
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A. Abstract
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(ABS1)
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liberty, truth, honesty-abstract concepts, '-isms', and
Iness.' No physical objects such as chair, table, clock,
etc.
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B. Time
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(TIME)
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morning, o'clock, day, hour, etc.
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C. Distance
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(DIST)
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mile, yard, foot, etc.
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V. Social Place
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(PLACE)
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house, factory, yard, street; this includes non-specific
places such as the above, but not geographical locations
such as Chicago, Africa, etc.
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VI. Body part
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(BODY)
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head, heart, leg, liver, etc.
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VII. Political
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(POLIT)
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government, delegate, legislative, etc.
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VIII. Economic
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(ECON)
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spending, budget, fiscal, deficit, etc.
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IX. Color
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(COLOR)
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red, blue, green, yellow, etc
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X. Communication
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(COM)
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newspaper, message, book, phone, speech, print, pencil
etc. Any device used for communicative purpose
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XI. Emotions
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(EMOT)
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anger, fury, distress, happy, etc.
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XII. Frequency
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(FREQ)
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occasional, seldom, often, etc.
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XIII. Evaluative Adjective
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(EVAL)
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good, bad, beautiful, hard, easy, etc.
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XIV. Dimensionality Adjective
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(DIM)
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big, little, short, long, tall, etc.
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XV. Position Adjective
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(POS)
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low, lower, upper, high, middle, first, fourth (ordinal
numbers) etc.
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XVI. Degree Adverbs
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(DEG)
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very, extremely, too, rather, somewhat...
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